A coupled thermomechanical peridynamic correspondence model for damage prediction in a freezing rock

This study presents a coupled thermomechanical (TM) bond-associated non-ordinary state-based peridynamic (BA-NOSB PD) (correspondence) model for simulating the thermal behavior and crack propagation in a saturated rock due to freeze. Considering the change in thermal property and the latent water–ice phase transition at low-temperature conditions, the PD form of the nonlinear thermal conduction equation is derived by using the PD differential operator (PDDO). The deformation response is obtained in the framework of BA-NOSB PD model considering the pore ice pressure and thermal expansion. The accuracy of the TM BA-NOSB PD model is verified by simulating the thermal behavior of tuff and sandstone and crack propagation in specimens with pre-existing cracks at low-temperature conditions. The PD predictions of temperature and frost heaving strain are in close agreement with the experimental and previous numerical results. The present model also accurately predicts crack propagation and coalescence in saturated rocks due to the freezing frost.