TY - JOUR
T1 - A storm safari in subtropical South America
T2 - Proyecto RELAMPAGO
AU - Nesbitt, Stephen W.
AU - Salio, Paola V.
AU - Ávila, Eldo
AU - Bitzer, Phillip
AU - Carey, Lawrence
AU - Chandrasekar, V.
AU - Deierling, Wiebke
AU - Dominguez, Francina
AU - Dillon, Maria Eugenia
AU - Garcia, C. Marcelo
AU - Gochis, David
AU - Goodman, Steven
AU - Hence, Deanna A.
AU - Kosiba, Karen A.
AU - Kumjian, Matthew R.
AU - Lang, Timothy
AU - Luna, Lorena Medina
AU - Marquis, James
AU - Marshall, Robert
AU - McMurdie, Lynn A.
AU - de Lima Nascimento, Ernani
AU - Rasmussen, Kristen L.
AU - Roberts, Rita
AU - Rowe, Angela K.
AU - Ruiz, Juan José
AU - São Sabbas, Eliah F.M.T.
AU - Saulo, A. Celeste
AU - Schumacher, Russ S.
AU - Skabar, Yanina Garcia
AU - Machado, Luiz Augusto Toledo
AU - Trapp, Robert J.
AU - Varble, Adam C.
AU - Wilson, James
AU - Wurman, Joshua
AU - Zipser, Edward J.
AU - Arias, Ivan
AU - Bechis, Hernán
AU - Grover, Maxwell A.
N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2021 American Meteorological Society
PY - 2021/8
Y1 - 2021/8
N2 - This article provides an overview of the experimental design, execution, education and public outreach, data collection, and initial scientific results from the Remote Sensing of Electrification, Lightning, and Mesoscale/Microscale Processes with Adaptive Ground Observations (RELAMPAGO) field campaign. RELAMPAGO was a major field campaign conducted in the Córdoba and Mendoza provinces in Argentina and western Rio Grande do Sul State in Brazil in 2018-19 that involved more than 200 scientists and students from the United States, Argentina, and Brazil. This campaign was motivated by the physical processes and societal impacts of deep convection that frequently initiates in this region, often along the complex terrain of the Sierras de Córdoba and Andes, and often grows rapidly upscale into dangerous storms that impact society. Observed storms during the experiment produced copious hail, intense flash flooding, extreme lightning flash rates, and other unusual lightning phenomena, but few tornadoes. The five distinct scientific foci of RELAMPAGO-convection initiation, severe weather, upscale growth, hydrometeorology, and lightning and electrification-are described, as are the deployment strategies to observe physical processes relevant to these foci. The campaign's international cooperation, forecasting efforts, and mission planning strategies enabled a successful data collection effort. In addition, the legacy of RELAMPAGO in South America, including extensive multinational education, public outreach, and social media data gathering associated with the campaign, is summarized.
AB - This article provides an overview of the experimental design, execution, education and public outreach, data collection, and initial scientific results from the Remote Sensing of Electrification, Lightning, and Mesoscale/Microscale Processes with Adaptive Ground Observations (RELAMPAGO) field campaign. RELAMPAGO was a major field campaign conducted in the Córdoba and Mendoza provinces in Argentina and western Rio Grande do Sul State in Brazil in 2018-19 that involved more than 200 scientists and students from the United States, Argentina, and Brazil. This campaign was motivated by the physical processes and societal impacts of deep convection that frequently initiates in this region, often along the complex terrain of the Sierras de Córdoba and Andes, and often grows rapidly upscale into dangerous storms that impact society. Observed storms during the experiment produced copious hail, intense flash flooding, extreme lightning flash rates, and other unusual lightning phenomena, but few tornadoes. The five distinct scientific foci of RELAMPAGO-convection initiation, severe weather, upscale growth, hydrometeorology, and lightning and electrification-are described, as are the deployment strategies to observe physical processes relevant to these foci. The campaign's international cooperation, forecasting efforts, and mission planning strategies enabled a successful data collection effort. In addition, the legacy of RELAMPAGO in South America, including extensive multinational education, public outreach, and social media data gathering associated with the campaign, is summarized.
KW - Deep convection
KW - Education
KW - Hydrometeorology
KW - Lightning
KW - Severe storms
KW - South America
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U2 - 10.1175/BAMS-D-20-0029.1
DO - 10.1175/BAMS-D-20-0029.1
M3 - Review article
SN - 0003-0007
VL - 102
SP - E1621-E1644
JO - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
JF - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
IS - 8
ER -