A Warm Layer in the Nightside Mesosphere of Mars

Hiromu Nakagawa; Sonal K. Jain; Nicholas M. Schneider; Franck Montmessin; Roger V. Yelle; Fayu Jiang; Loic Verdier; Takeshi Kuroda; Nao Yoshida; Hitoshi Fujiwara; Takeshi Imamura; Naoki Terada; Kaori Terada; Kanako Seki; Hannes Gröller; Justin I. Deighan

doi:10.1029/2019GL085646

A Warm Layer in the Nightside Mesosphere of Mars

Hiromu Nakagawa, Sonal K. Jain, Nicholas M. Schneider, Franck Montmessin, Roger V. Yelle, Fayu Jiang, Loic Verdier, Takeshi Kuroda, Nao Yoshida, Hitoshi Fujiwara, Takeshi Imamura, Naoki Terada, Kaori Terada, Kanako Seki, Hannes Gröller, Justin I. Deighan

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Abstract

We report a new set of stellar occultation measurements for nightside temperature profiles made by the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN/Imaging Ultraviolet Spectrograph that provide evidence for a recurring layer of warm air between 70 and 90 km altitudes in the nightside mesosphere of Mars during L_s = 0–180° in Martian Year 33–34. The nightside profiles reveal a recurring peak of atmospheric temperature around 80 km over the equator to the middle latitudes in the northern hemisphere. The predictions of the Mars Climate Database have a warm layer with much smaller amplitudes. The observed peak amplitudes are larger than those predicted by the model by up to 90 K. Wavenumber-3 structures are seen in the warm layer that are potentially signatures of thermal tides or stationary planetary waves, with amplitudes two times larger than predicted.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	e2019GL085646
Journal	Geophysical Research Letters
Volume	47
Issue number	4
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL085646
State	Published - Feb 28 2020

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Geophysics
General Earth and Planetary Sciences

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10.1029/2019GL085646

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Nakagawa, H., Jain, S. K., Schneider, N. M., Montmessin, F., Yelle, R. V., Jiang, F., Verdier, L., Kuroda, T., Yoshida, N., Fujiwara, H., Imamura, T., Terada, N., Terada, K., Seki, K., Gröller, H., & Deighan, J. I. (2020). A Warm Layer in the Nightside Mesosphere of Mars. Geophysical Research Letters, 47(4), Article e2019GL085646. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL085646

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title = "A Warm Layer in the Nightside Mesosphere of Mars",

abstract = "We report a new set of stellar occultation measurements for nightside temperature profiles made by the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN/Imaging Ultraviolet Spectrograph that provide evidence for a recurring layer of warm air between 70 and 90 km altitudes in the nightside mesosphere of Mars during Ls = 0–180° in Martian Year 33–34. The nightside profiles reveal a recurring peak of atmospheric temperature around 80 km over the equator to the middle latitudes in the northern hemisphere. The predictions of the Mars Climate Database have a warm layer with much smaller amplitudes. The observed peak amplitudes are larger than those predicted by the model by up to 90 K. Wavenumber-3 structures are seen in the warm layer that are potentially signatures of thermal tides or stationary planetary waves, with amplitudes two times larger than predicted.",

author = "Hiromu Nakagawa and Jain, {Sonal K.} and Schneider, {Nicholas M.} and Franck Montmessin and Yelle, {Roger V.} and Fayu Jiang and Loic Verdier and Takeshi Kuroda and Nao Yoshida and Hitoshi Fujiwara and Takeshi Imamura and Naoki Terada and Kaori Terada and Kanako Seki and Hannes Gr{\"o}ller and Deighan, {Justin I.}",

note = "Funding Information: This work was supported by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A) 16H0229, 19H0707, Scientific Research (C) No. 19K03943, and No. 18H04453 from JSPS. The IUVS data are available from the PDS Archive. This work was conducted under NASA's MAVEN Participating Scientist Program (proposal #12-MAVENPS12-0017, PI: K. Seki). HN is supported by the Astrobiology Center Program of National Institutes of Natural Science (NINS) (Grant No. AB291015). HN would like to acknowledge Zachariah Milby for the assistance in evaluating this paper. All density and temperature profiles used in this study correspond to level 2, version 13, revision 1 data provided by the PDS (https://pds-atmospheres.nmsu.edu/data_and_services/atmospheres_data/MAVEN/maven_iuvs.html). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright}2020. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.",

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day = "28",

doi = "10.1029/2019GL085646",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "47",

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T1 - A Warm Layer in the Nightside Mesosphere of Mars

AU - Nakagawa, Hiromu

AU - Jain, Sonal K.

AU - Schneider, Nicholas M.

AU - Montmessin, Franck

AU - Yelle, Roger V.

AU - Jiang, Fayu

AU - Verdier, Loic

AU - Kuroda, Takeshi

AU - Yoshida, Nao

AU - Fujiwara, Hitoshi

AU - Imamura, Takeshi

AU - Terada, Naoki

AU - Terada, Kaori

AU - Seki, Kanako

AU - Gröller, Hannes

AU - Deighan, Justin I.

N1 - Funding Information: This work was supported by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A) 16H0229, 19H0707, Scientific Research (C) No. 19K03943, and No. 18H04453 from JSPS. The IUVS data are available from the PDS Archive. This work was conducted under NASA's MAVEN Participating Scientist Program (proposal #12-MAVENPS12-0017, PI: K. Seki). HN is supported by the Astrobiology Center Program of National Institutes of Natural Science (NINS) (Grant No. AB291015). HN would like to acknowledge Zachariah Milby for the assistance in evaluating this paper. All density and temperature profiles used in this study correspond to level 2, version 13, revision 1 data provided by the PDS (https://pds-atmospheres.nmsu.edu/data_and_services/atmospheres_data/MAVEN/maven_iuvs.html). Publisher Copyright: ©2020. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.

PY - 2020/2/28

Y1 - 2020/2/28

N2 - We report a new set of stellar occultation measurements for nightside temperature profiles made by the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN/Imaging Ultraviolet Spectrograph that provide evidence for a recurring layer of warm air between 70 and 90 km altitudes in the nightside mesosphere of Mars during Ls = 0–180° in Martian Year 33–34. The nightside profiles reveal a recurring peak of atmospheric temperature around 80 km over the equator to the middle latitudes in the northern hemisphere. The predictions of the Mars Climate Database have a warm layer with much smaller amplitudes. The observed peak amplitudes are larger than those predicted by the model by up to 90 K. Wavenumber-3 structures are seen in the warm layer that are potentially signatures of thermal tides or stationary planetary waves, with amplitudes two times larger than predicted.

AB - We report a new set of stellar occultation measurements for nightside temperature profiles made by the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN/Imaging Ultraviolet Spectrograph that provide evidence for a recurring layer of warm air between 70 and 90 km altitudes in the nightside mesosphere of Mars during Ls = 0–180° in Martian Year 33–34. The nightside profiles reveal a recurring peak of atmospheric temperature around 80 km over the equator to the middle latitudes in the northern hemisphere. The predictions of the Mars Climate Database have a warm layer with much smaller amplitudes. The observed peak amplitudes are larger than those predicted by the model by up to 90 K. Wavenumber-3 structures are seen in the warm layer that are potentially signatures of thermal tides or stationary planetary waves, with amplitudes two times larger than predicted.

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U2 - 10.1029/2019GL085646

DO - 10.1029/2019GL085646

M3 - Article

SN - 0094-8276

VL - 47

JO - Geophysical Research Letters

JF - Geophysical Research Letters

IS - 4

M1 - e2019GL085646

ER -

A Warm Layer in the Nightside Mesosphere of Mars

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