Abstract
Many studies have seemingly demonstrated that anonymous individuals who are shown artificial cues of being watched behave as if they are being watched by real people. However, several studies have failed to replicate this surveillance cue effect. In light of these mixed results, we conducted two meta-analyses investigating the effect of artificial observation cues on generosity. Overall, our meta-analyses found no evidence to support the claim that artificial surveillance cues increase generosity, either by increasing how generous individuals are, or by increasing the probability that individuals will show any generosity at all. Therefore, surveillance cue effects should be interpreted cautiously.
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | 144-153 |
Number of pages | 10 |
Journal | Evolution and Human Behavior |
Volume | 38 |
Issue number | 1 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Jan 1 2017 |
Keywords
- Cues of being watched
- Eyespots
- Generosity
- Meta-analysis
- Observation cues
- Surveillance cues
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
- Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
- Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous)