Daily ingestion of protein bars (with or without added fiber) increased energy intake and body fat mass after one week in healthy adults: A crossover trial

Background: Although the global protein bar market is rapidly escalating, there is a scarcity of controlled trials examining their dietary impact. This cross-over study examined the impact of protein bar ingestion (with or without added fibre) on energy intake. Methods: Adults (n = 21; 21.9 ± 2.6 y) recorded food and beverage consumption using a smartphone application and appetite ratings using 100-mm VAS scales. Body composition was recorded at baseline and following each one-week feeding phase. Results: Average 24-hour energy intakes during the weeks bars were consumed were elevated significantly (7–13%) from control weeks with no difference between bars. Postprandial appetite scores were significantly below fasting scores but did not differ between bars. Body fat mass was significantly elevated (+3%) at the end of each feeding period compared to the control week. Conclusion: These results suggest that the daily ingestion of protein bars increased overall energy intakes and may impact body mass over time.