Double-component diazeniumdiolate derivatives as anti-cancer agents

In this study, we synthesized a series of double-component O²-aryl diazeniumdiolate (DDNO) derivatives, of which each molecule can release up to four nitric oxide molecules. These compounds showed cytotoxic activities to cancer cells, such as human leukemia, breast cancer and lung cancer. Among them, compound 1 (DDNO-1) showed the highest specific activity to human leukemia cells. It induced cell apopotosis and arrest cell cycle of G₂/M phase. The JNK and p38 protein kinases were activated by compound 1 to induce cancer cell apoptosis. Compound 1 also increased pro-apoptotic Bax level, which is a same function compared to a reported NO donor, JS-K. More interestingly, it decreased the level of an anti-apoptotic member Bcl-2, which is an opposite effect compared to JS-K. Compound 1 could be developed as a new anti-cancer agent since it increases the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio to overcome the drug resistance.