Ion-modulated radical doping of spiro-OMeTAD for more efficient and stable perovskite solar cells

Tiankai Zhang; Feng Wang; Hak Beom Kim; In Woo Choi; Chuanfei Wang; Eunkyung Cho; Rafal Konefal; Yuttapoom Puttisong; Kosuke Terado; Libor Kobera; Mengyun Chen; Mei Yang; Sai Bai; Bowen Yang; Jiajia Suo; Shih Chi Yang; Xianjie Liu; Fan Fu; Hiroyuki Yoshida; Weimin M. Chen; Jiri Brus; Veaceslav Coropceanu; Anders Hagfeldt; Jean Luc Brédas; Mats Fahlman; Dong Suk Kim; Zhangjun Hu; Feng Gao

doi:10.1126/science.abo2757

Ion-modulated radical doping of spiro-OMeTAD for more efficient and stable perovskite solar cells

Tiankai Zhang, Feng Wang, Hak Beom Kim, In Woo Choi, Chuanfei Wang, Eunkyung Cho, Rafal Konefal, Yuttapoom Puttisong, Kosuke Terado, Libor Kobera, Mengyun Chen, Mei Yang, Sai Bai, Bowen Yang, Jiajia Suo, Shih Chi Yang, Xianjie Liu, Fan Fu, Hiroyuki Yoshida, Weimin M. ChenJiri Brus, Veaceslav Coropceanu, Anders Hagfeldt, Jean Luc Brédas, Mats Fahlman, Dong Suk Kim, Zhangjun Hu, Feng Gao

Chemistry and Biochemistry

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

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Abstract

Record power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been obtained with the organic hole transporter 2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenyl-amine)9,9′-spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD). Conventional doping of spiro-OMeTAD with hygroscopic lithium salts and volatile 4-tert-butylpyridine is a time-consuming process and also leads to poor device stability. We developed a new doping strategy for spiro-OMeTAD that avoids post-oxidation by using stable organic radicals as the dopant and ionic salts as the doping modulator (referred to as ion-modulated radical doping). We achieved PCEs of >25% and much-improved device stability under harsh conditions. The radicals provide hole polarons that instantly increase the conductivity and work function (WF), and ionic salts further modulate the WF by affecting the energetics of the hole polarons. This organic semiconductor doping strategy, which decouples conductivity and WF tunability, could inspire further optimization in other optoelectronic devices.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	495-501
Number of pages	7
Journal	Science
Volume	377
Issue number	6605
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abo2757
State	Published - Jul 9 2022

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Zhang, T., Wang, F., Kim, H. B., Choi, I. W., Wang, C., Cho, E., Konefal, R., Puttisong, Y., Terado, K., Kobera, L., Chen, M., Yang, M., Bai, S., Yang, B., Suo, J., Yang, S. C., Liu, X., Fu, F., Yoshida, H., ... Gao, F. (2022). Ion-modulated radical doping of spiro-OMeTAD for more efficient and stable perovskite solar cells. Science, 377(6605), 495-501. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abo2757

Zhang, T, Wang, F, Kim, HB, Choi, IW, Wang, C, Cho, E, Konefal, R, Puttisong, Y, Terado, K, Kobera, L, Chen, M, Yang, M, Bai, S, Yang, B, Suo, J, Yang, SC, Liu, X, Fu, F, Yoshida, H, Chen, WM, Brus, J, Coropceanu, V, Hagfeldt, A, Brédas, JL, Fahlman, M, Kim, DS, Hu, Z & Gao, F 2022, 'Ion-modulated radical doping of spiro-OMeTAD for more efficient and stable perovskite solar cells', Science, vol. 377, no. 6605, pp. 495-501. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abo2757

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title = "Ion-modulated radical doping of spiro-OMeTAD for more efficient and stable perovskite solar cells",

abstract = "Record power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been obtained with the organic hole transporter 2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenyl-amine)9,9′-spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD). Conventional doping of spiro-OMeTAD with hygroscopic lithium salts and volatile 4-tert-butylpyridine is a time-consuming process and also leads to poor device stability. We developed a new doping strategy for spiro-OMeTAD that avoids post-oxidation by using stable organic radicals as the dopant and ionic salts as the doping modulator (referred to as ion-modulated radical doping). We achieved PCEs of >25% and much-improved device stability under harsh conditions. The radicals provide hole polarons that instantly increase the conductivity and work function (WF), and ionic salts further modulate the WF by affecting the energetics of the hole polarons. This organic semiconductor doping strategy, which decouples conductivity and WF tunability, could inspire further optimization in other optoelectronic devices.",

author = "Tiankai Zhang and Feng Wang and Kim, {Hak Beom} and Choi, {In Woo} and Chuanfei Wang and Eunkyung Cho and Rafal Konefal and Yuttapoom Puttisong and Kosuke Terado and Libor Kobera and Mengyun Chen and Mei Yang and Sai Bai and Bowen Yang and Jiajia Suo and Yang, {Shih Chi} and Xianjie Liu and Fan Fu and Hiroyuki Yoshida and Chen, {Weimin M.} and Jiri Brus and Veaceslav Coropceanu and Anders Hagfeldt and Br{\'e}das, {Jean Luc} and Mats Fahlman and Kim, {Dong Suk} and Zhangjun Hu and Feng Gao",

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year = "2022",

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doi = "10.1126/science.abo2757",

language = "English (US)",

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T1 - Ion-modulated radical doping of spiro-OMeTAD for more efficient and stable perovskite solar cells

AU - Zhang, Tiankai

AU - Wang, Feng

AU - Kim, Hak Beom

AU - Choi, In Woo

AU - Wang, Chuanfei

AU - Cho, Eunkyung

AU - Konefal, Rafal

AU - Puttisong, Yuttapoom

AU - Terado, Kosuke

AU - Kobera, Libor

AU - Chen, Mengyun

AU - Yang, Mei

AU - Bai, Sai

AU - Yang, Bowen

AU - Suo, Jiajia

AU - Yang, Shih Chi

AU - Liu, Xianjie

AU - Fu, Fan

AU - Yoshida, Hiroyuki

AU - Chen, Weimin M.

AU - Brus, Jiri

AU - Coropceanu, Veaceslav

AU - Hagfeldt, Anders

AU - Brédas, Jean Luc

AU - Fahlman, Mats

AU - Kim, Dong Suk

AU - Hu, Zhangjun

AU - Gao, Feng

PY - 2022/7/9

Y1 - 2022/7/9

N2 - Record power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been obtained with the organic hole transporter 2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenyl-amine)9,9′-spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD). Conventional doping of spiro-OMeTAD with hygroscopic lithium salts and volatile 4-tert-butylpyridine is a time-consuming process and also leads to poor device stability. We developed a new doping strategy for spiro-OMeTAD that avoids post-oxidation by using stable organic radicals as the dopant and ionic salts as the doping modulator (referred to as ion-modulated radical doping). We achieved PCEs of >25% and much-improved device stability under harsh conditions. The radicals provide hole polarons that instantly increase the conductivity and work function (WF), and ionic salts further modulate the WF by affecting the energetics of the hole polarons. This organic semiconductor doping strategy, which decouples conductivity and WF tunability, could inspire further optimization in other optoelectronic devices.

AB - Record power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been obtained with the organic hole transporter 2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenyl-amine)9,9′-spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD). Conventional doping of spiro-OMeTAD with hygroscopic lithium salts and volatile 4-tert-butylpyridine is a time-consuming process and also leads to poor device stability. We developed a new doping strategy for spiro-OMeTAD that avoids post-oxidation by using stable organic radicals as the dopant and ionic salts as the doping modulator (referred to as ion-modulated radical doping). We achieved PCEs of >25% and much-improved device stability under harsh conditions. The radicals provide hole polarons that instantly increase the conductivity and work function (WF), and ionic salts further modulate the WF by affecting the energetics of the hole polarons. This organic semiconductor doping strategy, which decouples conductivity and WF tunability, could inspire further optimization in other optoelectronic devices.

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U2 - 10.1126/science.abo2757

DO - 10.1126/science.abo2757

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VL - 377

SP - 495

EP - 501

JO - Science

JF - Science

IS - 6605

ER -

Ion-modulated radical doping of spiro-OMeTAD for more efficient and stable perovskite solar cells

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