Liquid Embolic Agents for Endovascular Embolization: A Review

Amrita Pal, Jeffrey Blanzy, Karime Jocelyn Rosas Gómez, Mark C. Preul, Brent L. Vernon

Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review

19 Scopus citations

Abstract

Endovascular embolization (EE) has been used for the treatment of blood vessel abnormalities, including aneurysms, AVMs, tumors, etc. The aim of this process is to occlude the affected vessel using biocompatible embolic agents. Two types of embolic agents, solid and liquid, are used for endovascular embolization. Liquid embolic agents are usually injectable and delivered into the vascular malformation sites using a catheter guided by X-ray imaging (i.e., angiography). After injection, the liquid embolic agent transforms into a solid implant in situ based on a variety of mechanisms, including polymerization, precipitation, and cross-linking, through ionic or thermal process. Until now, several polymers have been designed successfully for the development of liquid embolic agents. Both natural and synthetic polymers have been used for this purpose. In this review, we discuss embolization procedures with liquid embolic agents in different clinical applications, as well as in pre-clinical research studies.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Article number378
JournalGels
Volume9
Issue number5
DOIs
StatePublished - May 2023

Keywords

  • embolization
  • gel
  • liquid embolic agents

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Bioengineering
  • Biomaterials
  • Organic Chemistry
  • Polymers and Plastics

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