Market pricing with single-generator-failure security constraints

Regional transmission organisations and independent system operators include different types of security requirements to approximate system security issues. Transmission line contingencies are well handled in state-of-art market models with line outage distribution factors and, at the same time, the impacts of transmission line contingencies are reflected in energy prices. However, there is a lack of efficient mechanisms to handle generator contingencies and reflect the impacts of generator contingencies on energy prices. In this study, a set of security constraints to withstand single-generator-failure contingencies are presented and the market implications are studied. A new component of locational marginal prices, a marginal security component, which is a weighted shadow price of the security constraints, is proposed to better represent energy prices. A 3-bus system example is given to illustrate the market implications. The results are confirmed on a 73-bus system test case.