TY - JOUR
T1 - Methods of generating submicrometer phase-shift perfluorocarbon droplets for applications in medical ultrasonography
AU - Sheeran, Paul S.
AU - Matsuura, Naomi
AU - Borden, Mark A.
AU - Williams, Ross
AU - Matsunaga, Terry O.
AU - Burns, Peter N.
AU - Dayton, Paul A.
N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 1986-2012 IEEE.
PY - 2017/1
Y1 - 2017/1
N2 - Continued advances in the field of ultrasound and ultrasound contrast agents have created new approaches to imaging and medical intervention. Phase-shift perfluorocarbon droplets, which can be vaporized by ultrasound energy to transition from the liquid to the vapor state, are one of the most highly researched alternatives to clinical ultrasound contrast agents (i.e., microbubbles). In this paper, part of a special issue on methods in biomedical ultrasonics, we survey current techniques to prepare ultrasound-activated nanoscale phase-shift perfluorocarbon droplets, including sonication, extrusion, homogenization, microfluidics, and microbubble condensation. We provide example protocols and discuss advantages and limitations of each approach. Finally, we discuss best practice in characterization of this class of contrast agents with respect to size distribution and ultrasound activation.
AB - Continued advances in the field of ultrasound and ultrasound contrast agents have created new approaches to imaging and medical intervention. Phase-shift perfluorocarbon droplets, which can be vaporized by ultrasound energy to transition from the liquid to the vapor state, are one of the most highly researched alternatives to clinical ultrasound contrast agents (i.e., microbubbles). In this paper, part of a special issue on methods in biomedical ultrasonics, we survey current techniques to prepare ultrasound-activated nanoscale phase-shift perfluorocarbon droplets, including sonication, extrusion, homogenization, microfluidics, and microbubble condensation. We provide example protocols and discuss advantages and limitations of each approach. Finally, we discuss best practice in characterization of this class of contrast agents with respect to size distribution and ultrasound activation.
KW - High-intensity focused ultrasound
KW - medical imaging
KW - therapeutics
KW - ultrasound contrast agents
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U2 - 10.1109/TUFFC.2016.2619685
DO - 10.1109/TUFFC.2016.2619685
M3 - Article
C2 - 27775902
SN - 0885-3010
VL - 64
SP - 252
EP - 263
JO - IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control
JF - IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control
IS - 1
M1 - 7604095
ER -