Multiplex localization imaging and sub-diffraction limited measurement

A novel technique, multiplex localization imaging, is proposed to enhance the image reconstruction of point sources beyond the diffraction limit for an incoherent remote sensing system. The technique utilizes position localization of point sources to create an image of a scene and to allow sub-diffraction limited measurement. Two types of algorithms, mean calculations and chi-square statistics, are implemented to analyze the limits of position localization. Three different multiplex localization imaging methods, time-, color-, and polarization-multiplexing, were investigated experimentally. The resolution of multiplex localization imaging was found to be 14 times better than the diffraction limit of the optics. The multiplex localization imaging technique has applications in remote sensing and astronomy, such as position measurement, multiple targets tracking, and image enhancement.