@article{7a552c1793fc4006b0cab73e4e4682a7,
title = "Natural organic matter removal from raw surface water: Benchmarking performance of chemical coagulants through excitation-emission fluorescence matrix spectroscopy analysis",
abstract = "Chemical disinfection of surface waters has been proven effective in minimizing the risk of contamination by water-borne pathogens. However, surface waters contain natural organic matter (NOM) which, upon chemical disinfection, is readily converted into hazardous disinfection-byproducts. Hence, NOM removal from these waters is critical. Chemical coagulation is a readily implementable technology to minimize these undesired side-effects by NOM removal. Herein, capabilities of ferric chloride (FeCl3 ) and polyaluminum chloride (PACl) as pre-treatment for NOM abatement from natural raw surface water have been benchmarked. Excitation-emission fluorescence matrix (EEM) spectroscopy characterization of NOM fractions demonstrated high removal efficiency. A two-level full factorial design was employed to analyze the effects of coagulant dosage and initial pH on the removal of turbidity, humic acid-like substances and fulvic acid-like substances from the raw water. Higher removal of ~77% NOM was attained with PACl than with FeCl3 (~72%). Optimization through response surface methodology showed that the initial pH—coagulant dosage interaction was significant in removing NOM and turbidity for both PACl and FeCl3 . These results identify the opportunity for coagulation technologies to prevent and minimize disinfection-byproducts formation through NOM removal.",
keywords = "Coagulation, Excitation-emission fluorescence matrix, Full factorial design, Natural organic matter, Physical water treatment, Raw surface water",
author = "Go, {Raymond John C.} and Yang, {Hui Ling} and Kan, {Chi Chuan} and Ong, {Dennis C.} and Sergi Garcia-Segura and {de Luna}, {Mark Daniel G.}",
note = "Funding Information: AAuutthhoorr CCoonnttrriibbuuttiioonnss:: CCoonncceepptutuaalilzizataitoionn: M: M.D..DG..Gd..Ld..,L C.,.-CC..-KC..,KS..,GS.-.SG.;.-mS.e; tmhoedthoolodgoyl:oCgy.-:C.CK..-,C.K., MM..DD..GG..dd..LL..,, RR..JJ..CC..GG..;;ininvveesstitgigaatitoionn: :RR.J..CJ.C.G.G., .H, H.-L.-.LY..Y, .D, .DC..CO..O; v.;avliadlaidtiaotnio: nH:.-HL..Y-L.,.YS..,GS..-GS..,-DS..,CD.O.C.;. O.; ffoorrmmaall aannaallyyssiiss:: MM..DD..GG..dd..LL..,, SS..GG..--SS..,, CC..--CC..KK..;; rreessoouurrcceess:: CC..--CC..KK..,, MM..DD..GG..dd..LL..;;ddaattaa ccuurraattiioonn:: RR..JJ..CC..GG.,, HH..--LL..YY..,, DD..CC..OO..;; wwrriittiinngg oorriiggiinnaall ddrraafftt::MM.D.D.G.G.d.d.L.L.,. ,RR.J..JC.C.G.G., .S, .SG.G.-.S-.S;.w; wrirtiintign—g—rerveiveiwew anadndedeidtiintign:g: SS..GG..--SS..,,MM..DD..GG..dd..LL..;;vviissuuaalliizzaattiioonn::HH..--LL..YY.,.,RR.J.J.C.C.G.G.,.,D D.C.C.O.O.,.,S S.G.G.-.S-S.;.;susupperevrvisiisoionn::CC.-.C-C.K.K.,.M, .D.G.d.L.; project administration: C.-C.K.; funding: C.-C.K., M.D.G.d.L. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Funding: The authors are grateful to the financial support from the Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan under Contract Number MOST-102-2221-E-041-005 and the Department of Science and Technology, Philippines. Funding Information: Funding: The authors are grateful to the financial support from the Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan under Contract Number MOST-102-2221-E-041-005 and the Department of Science and Technology, Philippines. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.",
year = "2021",
month = jan,
day = "2",
doi = "10.3390/w13020146",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "13",
journal = "Water (Switzerland)",
issn = "2073-4441",
publisher = "Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)",
number = "2",
}