Natural organic matter removal from raw surface water: Benchmarking performance of chemical coagulants through excitation-emission fluorescence matrix spectroscopy analysis

Raymond John C. Go; Hui Ling Yang; Chi Chuan Kan; Dennis C. Ong; Sergi Garcia-Segura; Mark Daniel G. de Luna

doi:10.3390/w13020146

Natural organic matter removal from raw surface water: Benchmarking performance of chemical coagulants through excitation-emission fluorescence matrix spectroscopy analysis

Raymond John C. Go
, Hui Ling Yang
, Chi Chuan Kan
, Dennis C. Ong
, Sergi Garcia-Segura
, Mark Daniel G. de Luna

Engineering, Ira A. Fulton Schools of (IAFSE)

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

11 Scopus citations

Abstract

Chemical disinfection of surface waters has been proven effective in minimizing the risk of contamination by water-borne pathogens. However, surface waters contain natural organic matter (NOM) which, upon chemical disinfection, is readily converted into hazardous disinfection-byproducts. Hence, NOM removal from these waters is critical. Chemical coagulation is a readily implementable technology to minimize these undesired side-effects by NOM removal. Herein, capabilities of ferric chloride (FeCl₃ ) and polyaluminum chloride (PACl) as pre-treatment for NOM abatement from natural raw surface water have been benchmarked. Excitation-emission fluorescence matrix (EEM) spectroscopy characterization of NOM fractions demonstrated high removal efficiency. A two-level full factorial design was employed to analyze the effects of coagulant dosage and initial pH on the removal of turbidity, humic acid-like substances and fulvic acid-like substances from the raw water. Higher removal of ~77% NOM was attained with PACl than with FeCl₃ (~72%). Optimization through response surface methodology showed that the initial pH—coagulant dosage interaction was significant in removing NOM and turbidity for both PACl and FeCl₃ . These results identify the opportunity for coagulation technologies to prevent and minimize disinfection-byproducts formation through NOM removal.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	146
Journal	Water (Switzerland)
Volume	13
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/w13020146
State	Published - Jan 2 2021

Keywords

Coagulation
Excitation-emission fluorescence matrix
Full factorial design
Natural organic matter
Physical water treatment
Raw surface water

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Biochemistry
Geography, Planning and Development
Aquatic Science
Water Science and Technology

Access to Document

10.3390/w13020146

Cite this

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title = "Natural organic matter removal from raw surface water: Benchmarking performance of chemical coagulants through excitation-emission fluorescence matrix spectroscopy analysis",

abstract = "Chemical disinfection of surface waters has been proven effective in minimizing the risk of contamination by water-borne pathogens. However, surface waters contain natural organic matter (NOM) which, upon chemical disinfection, is readily converted into hazardous disinfection-byproducts. Hence, NOM removal from these waters is critical. Chemical coagulation is a readily implementable technology to minimize these undesired side-effects by NOM removal. Herein, capabilities of ferric chloride (FeCl3 ) and polyaluminum chloride (PACl) as pre-treatment for NOM abatement from natural raw surface water have been benchmarked. Excitation-emission fluorescence matrix (EEM) spectroscopy characterization of NOM fractions demonstrated high removal efficiency. A two-level full factorial design was employed to analyze the effects of coagulant dosage and initial pH on the removal of turbidity, humic acid-like substances and fulvic acid-like substances from the raw water. Higher removal of \textasciitilde{}77\% NOM was attained with PACl than with FeCl3 (\textasciitilde{}72\%). Optimization through response surface methodology showed that the initial pH—coagulant dosage interaction was significant in removing NOM and turbidity for both PACl and FeCl3 . These results identify the opportunity for coagulation technologies to prevent and minimize disinfection-byproducts formation through NOM removal.",

keywords = "Coagulation, Excitation-emission fluorescence matrix, Full factorial design, Natural organic matter, Physical water treatment, Raw surface water",

author = "Go, \{Raymond John C.\} and Yang, \{Hui Ling\} and Kan, \{Chi Chuan\} and Ong, \{Dennis C.\} and Sergi Garcia-Segura and \{de Luna\}, \{Mark Daniel G.\}",

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year = "2021",

month = jan,

day = "2",

doi = "10.3390/w13020146",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "13",

journal = "Water (Switzerland)",

issn = "2073-4441",

publisher = "Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)",

number = "2",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Natural organic matter removal from raw surface water

T2 - Benchmarking performance of chemical coagulants through excitation-emission fluorescence matrix spectroscopy analysis

AU - Go, Raymond John C.

AU - Yang, Hui Ling

AU - Kan, Chi Chuan

AU - Ong, Dennis C.

AU - Garcia-Segura, Sergi

AU - de Luna, Mark Daniel G.

N1 - Funding Information: AAuutthhoorr CCoonnttrriibbuuttiioonnss:: CCoonncceepptutuaalilzizataitoionn: M: M.D..DG..Gd..Ld..,L C.,.-CC..-KC..,KS..,GS.-.SG.;.-mS.e; tmhoedthoolodgoyl:oCgy.-:C.CK..-,C.K., MM..DD..GG..dd..LL..,, RR..JJ..CC..GG..;;ininvveesstitgigaatitoionn: :RR.J..CJ.C.G.G., .H, H.-L.-.LY..Y, .D, .DC..CO..O; v.;avliadlaidtiaotnio: nH:.-HL..Y-L.,.YS..,GS..-GS..,-DS..,CD.O.C.;. O.; ffoorrmmaall aannaallyyssiiss:: MM..DD..GG..dd..LL..,, SS..GG..--SS..,, CC..--CC..KK..;; rreessoouurrcceess:: CC..--CC..KK..,, MM..DD..GG..dd..LL..;;ddaattaa ccuurraattiioonn:: RR..JJ..CC..GG.,, HH..--LL..YY..,, DD..CC..OO..;; wwrriittiinngg oorriiggiinnaall ddrraafftt::MM.D.D.G.G.d.d.L.L.,. ,RR.J..JC.C.G.G., .S, .SG.G.-.S-.S;.w; wrirtiintign—g—rerveiveiwew anadndedeidtiintign:g: SS..GG..--SS..,,MM..DD..GG..dd..LL..;;vviissuuaalliizzaattiioonn::HH..--LL..YY.,.,RR.J.J.C.C.G.G.,.,D D.C.C.O.O.,.,S S.G.G.-.S-S.;.;susupperevrvisiisoionn::CC.-.C-C.K.K.,.M, .D.G.d.L.; project administration: C.-C.K.; funding: C.-C.K., M.D.G.d.L. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Funding: The authors are grateful to the financial support from the Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan under Contract Number MOST-102-2221-E-041-005 and the Department of Science and Technology, Philippines. Funding Information: Funding: The authors are grateful to the financial support from the Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan under Contract Number MOST-102-2221-E-041-005 and the Department of Science and Technology, Philippines. Publisher Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

PY - 2021/1/2

Y1 - 2021/1/2

N2 - Chemical disinfection of surface waters has been proven effective in minimizing the risk of contamination by water-borne pathogens. However, surface waters contain natural organic matter (NOM) which, upon chemical disinfection, is readily converted into hazardous disinfection-byproducts. Hence, NOM removal from these waters is critical. Chemical coagulation is a readily implementable technology to minimize these undesired side-effects by NOM removal. Herein, capabilities of ferric chloride (FeCl3 ) and polyaluminum chloride (PACl) as pre-treatment for NOM abatement from natural raw surface water have been benchmarked. Excitation-emission fluorescence matrix (EEM) spectroscopy characterization of NOM fractions demonstrated high removal efficiency. A two-level full factorial design was employed to analyze the effects of coagulant dosage and initial pH on the removal of turbidity, humic acid-like substances and fulvic acid-like substances from the raw water. Higher removal of ~77% NOM was attained with PACl than with FeCl3 (~72%). Optimization through response surface methodology showed that the initial pH—coagulant dosage interaction was significant in removing NOM and turbidity for both PACl and FeCl3 . These results identify the opportunity for coagulation technologies to prevent and minimize disinfection-byproducts formation through NOM removal.

AB - Chemical disinfection of surface waters has been proven effective in minimizing the risk of contamination by water-borne pathogens. However, surface waters contain natural organic matter (NOM) which, upon chemical disinfection, is readily converted into hazardous disinfection-byproducts. Hence, NOM removal from these waters is critical. Chemical coagulation is a readily implementable technology to minimize these undesired side-effects by NOM removal. Herein, capabilities of ferric chloride (FeCl3 ) and polyaluminum chloride (PACl) as pre-treatment for NOM abatement from natural raw surface water have been benchmarked. Excitation-emission fluorescence matrix (EEM) spectroscopy characterization of NOM fractions demonstrated high removal efficiency. A two-level full factorial design was employed to analyze the effects of coagulant dosage and initial pH on the removal of turbidity, humic acid-like substances and fulvic acid-like substances from the raw water. Higher removal of ~77% NOM was attained with PACl than with FeCl3 (~72%). Optimization through response surface methodology showed that the initial pH—coagulant dosage interaction was significant in removing NOM and turbidity for both PACl and FeCl3 . These results identify the opportunity for coagulation technologies to prevent and minimize disinfection-byproducts formation through NOM removal.

KW - Coagulation

KW - Excitation-emission fluorescence matrix

KW - Full factorial design

KW - Natural organic matter

KW - Physical water treatment

KW - Raw surface water

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85099789626

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85099789626#tab=citedBy

U2 - 10.3390/w13020146

DO - 10.3390/w13020146

M3 - Article

SN - 2073-4441

VL - 13

JO - Water (Switzerland)

JF - Water (Switzerland)

IS - 2

M1 - 146

ER -

Natural organic matter removal from raw surface water: Benchmarking performance of chemical coagulants through excitation-emission fluorescence matrix spectroscopy analysis

Abstract

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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