Abstract
This chapter presents typical applications and process configurations for both open-and closed-loop pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) systems, summarizing the current state of PRO technology at the pilot and industrial scale, and discussing future perspectives for salinity gradient energy from PRO. The first PRO configuration explored has been river-to-sea water and although this configuration has the potential to be a reliable source of base-load renewable energy, the low-energy density associated with this salinity gradient makes commercialization of PRO in this configuration unlikely. Additional PRO configurations include reverse osmosis (RO)-PRO and osmotic heat engines (OHE). The higher salinity gradient available for power production in RO-PRO systems and energy conversion in OHE is likely to make them a more promising component of an alternative energy portfolio.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Title of host publication | Sustainable Energy from Salinity Gradients |
| Publisher | Elsevier Inc. |
| Pages | 55-75 |
| Number of pages | 21 |
| ISBN (Electronic) | 9780081003237 |
| ISBN (Print) | 9780081003121 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Mar 8 2016 |
Keywords
- Artificial feed solutions
- Brine
- Closed-loop
- Draw solutions
- Natural feed solutions
- Osmotic heat engine
- Pressure retarded osmosis (PRO)
- Reverse osmosis (RO)
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- General Engineering