Redundant-baseline calibration of the hydrogen epoch of reionization array

Joshua S. Dillon, Max Lee, Zaki S. Ali, Aaron R. Parsons, Naomi Orosz, Chuneeta Devi Nunhokee, Paul La Plante, Adam P. Beardsley, Nicholas S. Kern, Zara Abdurashidova, James E. Aguirre, Paul Alexander, Yanga Balfour, Gianni Bernardi, Tashalee S. Billings, Judd D. Bowman, Richard F. Bradley, Phil Bull, Jacob Burba, Steve CareyChris L. Carilli, Carina Cheng, David R. DeBoer, Matt Dexter, Eloy de Lera Acedo, John Ely, Aaron Ewall-Wice, Nicolas Fagnoni, Randall Fritz, Steven R. Furlanetto, Kingsley Gale-Sides, Brian Glendenning, Deepthi Gorthi, Bradley Greig, Jasper Grobbelaar, Ziyaad Halday, Bryna J. Hazelton, Jacqueline N. Hewitt, Jack Hickish, Daniel C. Jacobs, Austin Julius, Joshua Kerrigan, Piyanat Kittiwisit, Saul A. Kohn, Matthew Kolopanis, Adam Lanman, Telalo Lekalake, David Lewis, Adrian Liu, Yin Zhe Ma, David MacMahon, Lourence Malan, Cresshim Malgas, Matthys Maree, Zachary E. Martinot, Eunice Matsetela, Andrei Mesinger, Mathakane Molewa, Miguel F. Morales, Tshegofalang Mosiane, Steven Murray, Abraham R. Neben, Bojan Nikolic, Robert Pascua, Nipanjana Patra, Samantha Pieterse, Jonathan C. Pober, Nima Razavi-Ghods, Jon Ringuette, James Robnett, Kathryn Rosie, Mario G. Santos, Peter Sims, Craig Smith, Angelo Syce, Max Tegmark, Nithyanandan Thyagarajan, Peter K.G. Williams, Haoxuan Zheng

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

37 Scopus citations

Abstract

In 21-cm cosmology, precision calibration is key to the separation of the neutral hydrogen signal from very bright but spectrally smooth astrophysical foregrounds. The Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA), an interferometer specialized for 21-cm cosmology and now under construction in South Africa, was designed to be largely calibrated using the self-consistency of repeated measurements of the same interferometric modes. This technique, known as redundant-baseline calibration resolves most of the internal degrees of freedom in the calibration problem. It assumes, however, on antenna elements with identical primary beams placed precisely on a redundant grid. In this work, we review the detailed implementation of the algorithms enabling redundant-baseline calibration and report results with HERA data.We quantify the effects of real-world non-redundancy and how they compare to the idealized scenario in which redundant measurements differ only in their noise realizations. Finally, we study how non-redundancy can produce spurious temporal structure in our calibration solutions-both in data and in simulations-and present strategies for mitigating that structure.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)5840-5861
Number of pages22
JournalMonthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Volume499
Issue number4
DOIs
StatePublished - 2020

Keywords

  • Dark ages, reionization, first stars
  • Instrumentation: Interferometers

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Astronomy and Astrophysics
  • Space and Planetary Science

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