TY - JOUR
T1 - Source Contributions to Carbon Monoxide Concentrations During KORUS-AQ Based on CAM-chem Model Applications
AU - Tang, Wenfu
AU - Emmons, Louisa K.
AU - Arellano, Avelino F.
AU - Gaubert, Benjamin
AU - Knote, Christoph
AU - Tilmes, Simone
AU - Buchholz, Rebecca R.
AU - Pfister, Gabriele G.
AU - Diskin, Glenn S.
AU - Blake, Donald R.
AU - Blake, Nicola J.
AU - Meinardi, Simone
AU - DiGangi, Joshua P.
AU - Choi, Yonghoon
AU - Woo, Jung Hun
AU - He, Cenlin
AU - Schroeder, Jason R.
AU - Suh, Inseon
AU - Lee, Hyo Jung
AU - Jo, Hyun Young
AU - Kanaya, Yugo
AU - Jung, Jinsang
AU - Lee, Youngjae
AU - Kim, Danbi
N1 - Funding Information: We thank the KORUS-AQ team for observational data (including the WAS group from UCI for VOC data, the DACOM/DLH team for CO data, the AVOCET team for CO2 data, Dr. W. Brune and team for the ATHOS measurements, and Dr. J. Hair and the DIAL team for the ozone data). We also thank the CESM and CAM-chem team for technical support. CESM is sponsored by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). Administration of the CESM is maintained by the Climate and Global Dynamics Division (CGD) at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). We thank MOPITT teams for satellite retrievals of CO. The NCAR MOPITT project is supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Earth Observing System (EOS) Program. The authors thank the anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and suggestions. W. Tang thanks the NCAR Advanced Study Program's Graduate Visitor Program. C. He is supported by the NCAR Advanced Study Program Postdoctoral Fellowship. The authors thank Dr. Jean-Francois Lamarque and Dr. Helen Worden for helpful discussions. Yugo Kanaya was supported by the Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (2-1505 and 2-1803) of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan. Computing resources were provided by the Climate Simulation Laboratory at NCAR's Computational and Information Systems Laboratory (CISL), sponsored by the National Science Foundation and other agencies. We would like to acknowledge high-performance computing support from Cheyenne (doi:10.5065/D6RX99HX) provided by NCAR's Computational and Information Systems Laboratory, sponsored by the National Science Foundation. NCAR is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. This work is supported by NASA grants NNX16AD96G, NNX16AE16G, and NNX17AG39G. Observational data, modeling results of WRF, FLEXPART-ERF during KORUS-AQ, are available at https://www-air.larc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/ArcView/korusaq. MOPITT data are available at https://www2.acom.ucar.edu/mopitt. CAM-chem modeling results are available at https://github.com/EarthSciData/Modeloutput.git. Funding Information: We thank the KORUS‐AQ team for observational data (including the WAS group from UCI for VOC data, the DACOM/DLH team for CO data, the AVOCET team for CO2 data, Dr. W. Brune and team for the ATHOS measurements, and Dr. J. Hair and the DIAL team for the ozone data). We also thank the CESM and CAM‐chem team for technical support. CESM is sponsored by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). Administration of the CESM is maintained by the Climate and Global Dynamics Division (CGD) at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). We thank MOPITT teams for satellite retrievals of CO. The NCAR MOPITT project is supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Earth Observing System (EOS) Program. The authors thank the anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and suggestions. W. Tang thanks the NCAR Advanced Study Program's Graduate Visitor Program. C. He is supported by the NCAR Advanced Study Program Postdoctoral Fellowship. The authors thank Dr. Jean‐Francois Lamarque and Dr. Helen Worden for helpful discussions. Yugo Kanaya was supported by the Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (2‐1505 and 2‐1803) of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan. Computing resources were provided by the Climate Simulation Laboratory at NCAR's Computational and Information Systems Laboratory (CISL), sponsored by the National Science Foundation and other agencies. We would like to acknowledge high‐ performance computing support from Cheyenne (doi:10.5065/D6RX99HX) provided by NCAR's Computational and Information Systems Laboratory, sponsored by the National Science Foundation. NCAR is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. This work is supported by NASA grants NNX16AD96G, NNX16AE16G, and NNX17AG39G. Observational data, modeling results of WRF, FLEXPART‐ ERF during KORUS‐AQ, are available at https://www‐air.larc.nasa.gov/cgi‐ bin/ArcView/korusaq. MOPITT data are available at https://www2.acom. ucar.edu/mopitt. CAM‐chem modeling results are available at https://github. com/EarthSciData/Modeloutput.git. Publisher Copyright: ©2019. The Authors.
PY - 2019/3/16
Y1 - 2019/3/16
N2 - We investigate regional sources contributing to CO during the Korea United States Air Quality (KORUS-AQ) campaign conducted over Korea (1 May to 10 June 2016) using 17 tagged CO simulations from the Community Atmosphere Model with chemistry (CAM-chem). The simulations use three spatial resolutions, three anthropogenic emission inventories, two meteorological fields, and nine emission scenarios. These simulations are evaluated against measurements from the DC-8 aircraft and Measurements Of Pollution In The Troposphere (MOPITT). Results show that simulations using bottom-up emissions are consistently lower (bias: −34 to −39%) and poorer performing (Taylor skill: 0.38–0.61) than simulations using alternative anthropogenic emissions (bias: −6 to −33%; Taylor skill: 0.48–0.86), particularly for enhanced Asian CO and volatile organic compound (VOC) emission scenarios, suggesting underestimation in modeled CO background and emissions in the region. The ranges of source contributions to modeled CO along DC-8 aircraft from Korea and southern (90°E to 123°E, 20°N to 29°N), middle (90°E to 123°E, 29°N to 38.5°N), and northern (90°E to 131.5°E, 38.5°N to 45°N) East Asia (EA) are 6–13%, ~5%, 16–28%, and 9–18%, respectively. CO emissions from middle and northern EA can reach Korea via transport within the boundary layer, whereas those from southern EA are transported to Korea mainly through the free troposphere. Emission contributions from middle EA dominate during continental outflow events (29–51%), while Korean emissions play an overall more important role for ground sites (up to 25–49%) and plumes within the boundary layer (up to 25–44%) in Korea. Finally, comparisons with four other source contribution approaches (FLEXPART 9.1 back trajectory calculations driven by Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) WRF inert tracer, China signature VOCs, and CO to CO2 enhancement ratios) show general consistency with CAM-chem.
AB - We investigate regional sources contributing to CO during the Korea United States Air Quality (KORUS-AQ) campaign conducted over Korea (1 May to 10 June 2016) using 17 tagged CO simulations from the Community Atmosphere Model with chemistry (CAM-chem). The simulations use three spatial resolutions, three anthropogenic emission inventories, two meteorological fields, and nine emission scenarios. These simulations are evaluated against measurements from the DC-8 aircraft and Measurements Of Pollution In The Troposphere (MOPITT). Results show that simulations using bottom-up emissions are consistently lower (bias: −34 to −39%) and poorer performing (Taylor skill: 0.38–0.61) than simulations using alternative anthropogenic emissions (bias: −6 to −33%; Taylor skill: 0.48–0.86), particularly for enhanced Asian CO and volatile organic compound (VOC) emission scenarios, suggesting underestimation in modeled CO background and emissions in the region. The ranges of source contributions to modeled CO along DC-8 aircraft from Korea and southern (90°E to 123°E, 20°N to 29°N), middle (90°E to 123°E, 29°N to 38.5°N), and northern (90°E to 131.5°E, 38.5°N to 45°N) East Asia (EA) are 6–13%, ~5%, 16–28%, and 9–18%, respectively. CO emissions from middle and northern EA can reach Korea via transport within the boundary layer, whereas those from southern EA are transported to Korea mainly through the free troposphere. Emission contributions from middle EA dominate during continental outflow events (29–51%), while Korean emissions play an overall more important role for ground sites (up to 25–49%) and plumes within the boundary layer (up to 25–44%) in Korea. Finally, comparisons with four other source contribution approaches (FLEXPART 9.1 back trajectory calculations driven by Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) WRF inert tracer, China signature VOCs, and CO to CO2 enhancement ratios) show general consistency with CAM-chem.
KW - CAM-chem
KW - KORUS-AQ
KW - carbon monoxide
KW - emissions
KW - model evaluation
KW - source contribution
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U2 - 10.1029/2018JD029151
DO - 10.1029/2018JD029151
M3 - Article
SN - 2169-897X
VL - 124
SP - 2796
EP - 2822
JO - Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres
JF - Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres
IS - 5
ER -