@article{178d0af271044d1f80ebc7411c63cf9f,
title = "Subtropical Marine Low Stratiform Cloud Deck Spatial Errors in the E3SMv1 Atmosphere Model",
abstract = "Marine low-level clouds continue to be poorly simulated in models despite many studies and field experiments devoted to their improvement. Here we focus on the spatial errors in the cloud decks in the Department of Energy Earth system model (the Energy Exascale Earth System Model [E3SM]) relative to the satellite climatology by calculating centroid distances, area ratios, and overlap ratios. Since model dynamics is better simulated than clouds, these errors are attributed primarily to the model physics. To gain additional insight, we performed a sensitivity run in which model winds were nudged to those of reanalysis. This results in a large change (but not necessarily an improvement) in the simulated cloud decks. These differences between simulations are mainly due to the interactions between model dynamics and physics. These results suggest that both model physics (widely recognized) and its interaction with dynamics (less recognized) are important to model improvement in simulating these low-level clouds.",
keywords = "E3SMv1, dynamics-physics interactions, physical parameterizations, spatial errors, stratiform cloud decks",
author = "Brunke, {Michael A.} and Ma, {Po Lun} and {Reeves Eyre}, {J. E.Jack} and Rasch, {Philip J.} and Armin Sorooshian and Xubin Zeng",
note = "Funding Information: We would like to thank Anton Beljaars and Vince Larson for their helpful comments. Brunke and Zeng's work was supported by the DOE (DE‐SC0016533, 70276) and NASA (NNX14AM02G). Sorooshian was also supported by NASA (80NSSC19K0442) for the ACTIVATE Earth Venture Suborbital‐3 (EVS‐3) investigation. Rasch and Ma were supported as part of the E3SM project by the DOE Office of Science's Biological and Environmental Research Program. The following data sets were downloaded from the following web pages: GOCCP climatology ( http://climserv.ipsl.polytechnique.fr/cfmip‐obs/Calipso_goccp.html ) , the 2B‐CLDCLASS‐LIDAR product ( http://www.cloudsat.cira.colostate.edu ), ISCCP's D2 product ( https://isccp.giss.nasa.gov ), EECRA ( https://atmos.washington.edu/CloudMap/ ), MODIS's MOD08_M3 product ( https://ladsweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov ), ERA‐Interim ( http://rda.ucar.edu ), and MERRA‐2 (MDISC at GES DISC). E3SMv1 simulations were performed at the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, a DOE Office of Science User Facility under Contract DE‐AC02‐05CH11231. The output from these simulations are available at NERSC and at the CMIP6 E3SM archive (at http://pcmdi9.llnl.gov ). The sensitivity test results can be obtained by contacting the first author. CESM1‐CAM5 output were obtained from storage on NCAR's supercomputers. GFDL CM3 and GISS ModelE2 were provided by PCMDI through the CMIP5 archive ( http://pcmdi9.llnl.gov ). Funding Information: We would like to thank Anton Beljaars and Vince Larson for their helpful comments. Brunke and Zeng's work was supported by the DOE (DE-SC0016533, 70276) and NASA (NNX14AM02G). Sorooshian was also supported by NASA (80NSSC19K0442) for the ACTIVATE Earth Venture Suborbital-3 (EVS-3) investigation. Rasch and Ma were supported as part of the E3SM project by the DOE Office of Science's Biological and Environmental Research Program. The following data sets were downloaded from the following web pages: GOCCP climatology (http://climserv.ipsl.polytechnique.fr/cfmip-obs/Calipso_goccp.html), the 2B-CLDCLASS-LIDAR product (http://www.cloudsat.cira.colostate.edu), ISCCP's D2 product (https://isccp.giss.nasa.gov), EECRA (https://atmos.washington.edu/CloudMap/), MODIS's MOD08_M3 product (https://ladsweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov), ERA-Interim (http://rda.ucar.edu), and MERRA-2 (MDISC at GES DISC). E3SMv1 simulations were performed at the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, a DOE Office of Science User Facility under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. The output from these simulations are available at NERSC and at the CMIP6 E3SM archive (at http://pcmdi9.llnl.gov). The sensitivity test results can be obtained by contacting the first author. CESM1-CAM5 output were obtained from storage on NCAR's supercomputers. GFDL CM3 and GISS ModelE2 were provided by PCMDI through the CMIP5 archive (http://pcmdi9.llnl.gov). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright}2019. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.",
year = "2019",
month = nov,
day = "16",
doi = "10.1029/2019GL084747",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "46",
pages = "12598--12607",
journal = "Geophysical Research Letters",
issn = "0094-8276",
publisher = "American Geophysical Union",
number = "21",
}