The determination of Ti, Mn and Fe oxidation states in minerals by electron energy-loss spectroscopy

Max T. Otten; Barbara Miner; James H. Rask; P R Buseck

doi:10.1016/0304-3991(85)90145-7

The determination of Ti, Mn and Fe oxidation states in minerals by electron energy-loss spectroscopy

Max T. Otten
, Barbara Miner
, James H. Rask
, P R Buseck

Earth and Space Exploration, School of (SESE)

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

68 Scopus citations

Abstract

Electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) as a technique for determining transition-element oxidation states offers several advantages over other methods. Chemical shifts as a function of oxidation state were determined for Ti³⁺-Ti⁴⁺ (2 eV), Mn²⁺-Mn⁴⁺ (3 eV) and Fe²⁺-Fe³⁺ (2 eV). The edge energies remain the same for a particular oxidation state, irrespective of the sample, confirming that EELS can be applied to oxidation-state determinations. Several experimental problems were encountered: poor edge resolution at low transition-element contents, difficulties in detecting mixed oxidation states, and in situ oxidation of hydrous minerals, probably through hydrogen loss.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	285-289
Number of pages	5
Journal	Ultramicroscopy
Volume	18
Issue number	1-4
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3991(85)90145-7
State	Published - 1985

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Instrumentation

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10.1016/0304-3991(85)90145-7

Cite this

@article{b8e1086f5c84488fa2e5d55ebbeb2489,

title = "The determination of Ti, Mn and Fe oxidation states in minerals by electron energy-loss spectroscopy",

abstract = "Electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) as a technique for determining transition-element oxidation states offers several advantages over other methods. Chemical shifts as a function of oxidation state were determined for Ti3+-Ti4+ (2 eV), Mn2+-Mn4+ (3 eV) and Fe2+-Fe3+ (2 eV). The edge energies remain the same for a particular oxidation state, irrespective of the sample, confirming that EELS can be applied to oxidation-state determinations. Several experimental problems were encountered: poor edge resolution at low transition-element contents, difficulties in detecting mixed oxidation states, and in situ oxidation of hydrous minerals, probably through hydrogen loss.",

author = "Otten, \{Max T.\} and Barbara Miner and Rask, \{James H.\} and Buseck, \{P R\}",

note = "Funding Information: Dr. O.L. Krivanek, A.A. Higgs and J.C. Wheatley kindly assisted at various stages of this work. Research was supported by grant EAR-8408168 from the NSF Earth Science Division. The ASU HREM facility is supported by NSF Regional Instrumentation Program grant DMR-8306501 and Arizona State University. We thank Dr. C. Colliex for his helpful comments.",

year = "1985",

doi = "10.1016/0304-3991(85)90145-7",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "18",

pages = "285--289",

journal = "Ultramicroscopy",

issn = "0304-3991",

publisher = "Elsevier B.V.",

number = "1-4",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - The determination of Ti, Mn and Fe oxidation states in minerals by electron energy-loss spectroscopy

AU - Otten, Max T.

AU - Miner, Barbara

AU - Rask, James H.

AU - Buseck, P R

N1 - Funding Information: Dr. O.L. Krivanek, A.A. Higgs and J.C. Wheatley kindly assisted at various stages of this work. Research was supported by grant EAR-8408168 from the NSF Earth Science Division. The ASU HREM facility is supported by NSF Regional Instrumentation Program grant DMR-8306501 and Arizona State University. We thank Dr. C. Colliex for his helpful comments.

PY - 1985

Y1 - 1985

N2 - Electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) as a technique for determining transition-element oxidation states offers several advantages over other methods. Chemical shifts as a function of oxidation state were determined for Ti3+-Ti4+ (2 eV), Mn2+-Mn4+ (3 eV) and Fe2+-Fe3+ (2 eV). The edge energies remain the same for a particular oxidation state, irrespective of the sample, confirming that EELS can be applied to oxidation-state determinations. Several experimental problems were encountered: poor edge resolution at low transition-element contents, difficulties in detecting mixed oxidation states, and in situ oxidation of hydrous minerals, probably through hydrogen loss.

AB - Electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) as a technique for determining transition-element oxidation states offers several advantages over other methods. Chemical shifts as a function of oxidation state were determined for Ti3+-Ti4+ (2 eV), Mn2+-Mn4+ (3 eV) and Fe2+-Fe3+ (2 eV). The edge energies remain the same for a particular oxidation state, irrespective of the sample, confirming that EELS can be applied to oxidation-state determinations. Several experimental problems were encountered: poor edge resolution at low transition-element contents, difficulties in detecting mixed oxidation states, and in situ oxidation of hydrous minerals, probably through hydrogen loss.

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/0022223065

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/0022223065#tab=citedBy

U2 - 10.1016/0304-3991(85)90145-7

DO - 10.1016/0304-3991(85)90145-7

M3 - Article

SN - 0304-3991

VL - 18

SP - 285

EP - 289

JO - Ultramicroscopy

JF - Ultramicroscopy

IS - 1-4

ER -

The determination of Ti, Mn and Fe oxidation states in minerals by electron energy-loss spectroscopy

Abstract

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