@article{549f71e97fae4be29ac1c3ef117be3f9,
title = "The permanence of {"}temporary{"} migration: The {"}Structural embeddedness{"} of Japanese-Brazilian immigrant workers in Japan",
author = "Takeyuki Tsuda",
note = "Funding Information: This paper is based on close to two years offieldworkwith the Japanese-Brazilians in both Brazil and Japan. Eight and one-half months were first spent in Brazil studying the Japanese-Brazilian communities in two separate cities in the southeastern region of the country. In addition to participant observation, close to 70 interviews were conducted with the Japanese-Brazilians. During my one-year stay in Japan, I conducted participant observation by residing in two cities in the greater Tokyo area with high concentrations of Japanese-Brazilian immigrants and by working for four months in a large factory with them. Close to 100 interviews were conducted with the Japanese-Brazilians, as well as with Japanese citizens (factory workers and city residents), local and federal government officials, company managers, labor brokers, school teachers, and journalists. The research was supported by a Fulbright DDRA Fellowship and a Wenner-Gren research grant (grant #5757). The write-up for the research was funded by the Social Science Research Council and the Japan Foundation. 'The only notable exception was the importation of Korean laborers before and during World War II.",
year = "1999",
month = aug,
doi = "10.2307/2659116",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "58",
pages = "687--722",
journal = "Journal of Asian Studies",
issn = "0021-9118",
publisher = "Cambridge University Press",
number = "3",
}