@article{284dbc7bfae346718998b14aa8f33350,
title = "Vigorously courting male sticklebacks are poor fathers",
abstract = "Male threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) that are unsuccessful at hatching eggs may provide insufficient parental care or have unhealthy or unfertilized eggs. In this study, most males that were unsuccessful at hatching eggs appeared to be poor fathers because they depleted their energy reserves by vigorously courting females and by maintaining intense nuptial coloration during courtship and parental care, leading to reduced fanning of the eggs. Unsuccessful males differed from successful males by investing more in obtaining a clutch of eggs and less in the eggs once they had them, suggesting a trade-off between investing in courtship and investing in paternal care.",
keywords = "Gasterosteus aculeatus, Mate choice, Parental care, Threespine stickleback",
author = "{Von Hippel}, {Frank A.}",
note = "Funding Information: Acknowledgements I thank my major professors George Barlow and Thelma Rowell for their guidance throughout this project. I also thank Anders Berglund, Roy Caldwell, Wayne Getz, Bill von Hip-pel, Ron Coleman, Deborah McLennan, and an anonymous reviewer for numerous helpful comments on earlier drafts of the manuscript. Bill von Hippel, Cathy von Hippel, and Sean Sterling provided statistical help. Cathy von Hippel and Ramona Swenson were of invaluable assistance in the field, and Ron Coleman, Ramona Swen-son, and Jason Shulterbrandt helped me set up my experiment. Barbara Shoplock, Jason Shulterbrandt, Ron Coleman, and George Losey helped me learn how to use BEAST. Bill von Hippel, Brisbane Tropical, Howie Clark, and Derek Maskell helped provide me with equipment. Permission to collect fish was granted by the State of California Department of Fish and Game (Scientific Collector{\textquoteright}s Permit 6014) and the State of California Department of Parks and Recreation. Permission to conduct experiments was granted by the University of California Animal Care and Use Committee (protocol R050-0793). This research was supported by a Harry S. Truman National Scholarship, a National Science Foundation Graduate Fellowship, a University of California Provost{\textquoteright}s Research Fund Award, and a University of California Research Task Assistant Stipend.",
year = "2000",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "2",
pages = "83--89",
journal = "Acta Ethologica",
issn = "0873-9749",
publisher = "Springer Verlag",
number = "2",
}